Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Achankovil Zone: Implications for the correlation of crustal blocks in southern India   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Shunsuke Ishii  Toshiaki Tsunogae  M. Santosh 《Gondwana Research》2006,10(1-2):99

The Achankovil Zone of southern India, a NW–SE trending lineament of 8–10 km in width and > 100 km length, is a kinematically debated crustal feature, considered to mark the boundary between the Madurai Granulite Block in the north and the Trivandrum Granulite Block in the south. Both these crustal blocks show evidence for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism during the Pan-African orogeny, although the exhumation styles are markedly different. The Achankovil Zone is characterized by discontinuous strands of cordierite-bearing gneiss with an assemblage of cordierite + garnet + quartz + plagioclase + spinel + ilmenite + magnetite ± orthopyroxene ± biotite ± K-feldspar ± sillimanite. The lithology preserves several peak and post-peak metamorphic assemblages including: (1) orthopyroxene + garnet, (2) perthite and/or anti-perthite, (3) cordierite ± orthopyroxene corona around garnet, and (4) cordierite + quartz symplectite after garnet. We estimate the peak metamorphic conditions of these rocks using orthopyroxene-bearing geothermobarometers and feldspar solvus which yield 8.5–9.5 kbar and 940–1040 °C, the highest P–T conditions so far recorded from the Achankovil Zone. The retrograde conditions were obtained from cordierite-bearing geothermobarometers at 3.5–4.5 kbar and 720 ± 60 °C. From orthopyroxene chemistry, we record a multistage exhumation history for these rocks, which is closely comparable with those reported in recent studies from the Madurai Granulite Block, but different from those documented from the Trivandrum Granulite Block. An evaluation of the petrologic and geochronologic data, together with the nature of exhumation paths leads us to propose that the Achankovil Zone is probably the southern flank of the Madurai Granulite Block, and not a unit of the Trivandrum Granulite Block as presently believed. Post-tectonic alkali granites that form an array of “suturing plutons” along the margin of the Madurai Granulite Block and within the Achankovil Zone, but are absent in the Trivandrum Granulite Block, suggest that the boundary between the Madurai Granulite Block and the Trivandrum Granulite Block might lie along the Tenmalai shear zone at the southern extremity of the Achankovil Zone.  相似文献   

南天山山前冲断带的构造样式及成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

温声明  王贵重  程明华  王志勇 《新疆地质》2006,24(1):24-29

塔里木盆地南天山山前冲断带东西分段、南北分带.受走滑断裂控制,自西向东分为喀什北缘、西克尔区段、柯坪断隆主体、温宿凸起和库车坳陷.受南天山逆掩推覆作用影响,发育多排NE向构造带,喀什北缘主要发育乌恰、阿图什、喀什3排构造带,柯坪断隆主体发育3排古生界逆冲褶皱带,库车坳陷主要由北部单斜带、克拉苏—依奇克里克、秋里塔格构造带组成.由于山前带基底结构和构造运动的差异,造成了各区段地层分布的不均衡,普遍发育的逆冲断裂和走滑断裂,使得地质结构和构造样式更为复杂,多套塑性地层对区带展布和构造变形起到了重要作用.  相似文献   

东天山吐哈盆地南缘古生代活动陆缘残片：中亚地区古亚洲洋板块俯冲的地质记录   总被引：35，自引：28，他引：35  

李锦轶王克卓孙桂华莫申国李文铅  杨天南高立明   《岩石学报》2006,22(5):1087-1102

本文根据对已有地质资料的综合研究，系统论述了吐哈盆地南缘古生代活动陆缘残片的时空分布、岩石组合和岩石化学特征，在此基础上对古亚洲洋构造演化进行了简要的探讨。该区活动陆缘残片由奥陶纪-志留纪（？）、泥盆纪、石炭纪火山沉积岩系和泥盆纪、石炭纪深成岩组成。这些不同时代岩浆岩的时空分布揭示出该区弧岩浆前锋带的演化具有向南逐渐迁移的特点。这些不同时代的火山岩和深成岩在岩石组合和岩石化学方面都类似于钙碱系列弧岩浆岩。它们的这些特征，结合它们的区域地质背景，使我们得出如下初步结论：它们的形成演化与以南侧康古尔塔格碰撞带中的洋壳残片为代表的古洋岩石圈板块向西伯利亚古板块之下的俯冲有关；它们很可能是出露在阿尔泰山南侧、蒙古南部和大兴安岭中部等地的类似杂岩一起构成了古亚洲洋中西伯利亚古板块活动陆缘；该活动陆缘的发育，提示出古亚洲洋板块向西伯利亚古板块之下的俯冲在奥陶纪至古炭纪期间一直在持续进行。  相似文献   

Erodibility of some crust forming soils/sediments from the Southern Aral Sea Basin as determined in a wind tunnel     

E. Argaman  A. Singer  H. Tsoar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(1):47-63

Severe dust storms in the Southern Aral Sea Basin have become common with the desiccation of the sea. The high incidence of dust in the area has had severe ecological consequences. Within the framework of efforts to reduce this phenomenon, deflatability as well as deflatability‐related characteristics of some prominent soils/sediment surfaces in the Southern Aral Sea Basin were examined. The materials included a salt crust from a developed Solonchak, a Takyr crust and a Takyr‐like soil, and salt crusts from undeveloped Solonchaks formed on the exposed bottom of the Aral Sea. Characteristics determined were particle size distribution, dry aggregate size distribution and salt, carbonate and organic carbon contents. Deflatability was examined using a suction type wind tunnel with a SENSIT‐type sensor to detect airborne unconsolidated material, on materials treated to different moisture levels and with a chemical stabilizer, and on restored crusts created from the unconsolidated materials. Fine sand dominates in the materials, and in the Takyr crust and Takyr‐like soils is accompanied by significant amounts of silt and clay. All materials contain moderate amounts of carbonate and are low in organic matter. All soils/sediments contain salts, but in the salt crusts of the Solonchaks the salt fraction dominates. They all have more than 50 per cent PM₈₅₀ (particles with diameter <850 µm), indicating a relatively high deflatability potential. The materials from the Takyr crusts and Takyr‐like soil with a high proportion of fine aggregates had the lowest threshold friction velocities, while the salt crusts of the Solonchaks with a high proportion of coarse aggregates had the highest. This suggests that Takyrs and Takyr‐like soils are the most deflatable and Solonchak soils the least deflatable. These differences are attributed to the presence of salts that create stable, large aggregates in the Solonchak crusts. Wetting of the materials to three moisture levels considerably increased threshold friction velocity. The increase was most prominent in the salt‐rich materials, and was attributed to the rapid formation of surface films by drying in the course of the wind tunnel determinations. Applications of chemical stabilizers at two levels also considerably increased threshold friction velocity. On the restored crusts, threshold friction velocity dramatically increased, occasionally to non‐recordable values. This increase was monitored with both the salt crusts characteristic for the Solonchak soils and the fine‐grained crusts characteristic for the Takyr soils. The stability was attributed to the tightly packed salt particles in the salt crusts, and to the cohesive properties of the fine‐grained materials in the Takyr crusts. Once the crusts were ruptured, however, strong deflation commenced. These results suggest that by maintaining moisture in the soils/sediments (for example, by maintaining a high water table in the Amu‐Darya river flood plain) deflation can be reduced. By the same means, deflation can be reduced by creating new crusts or by preserving existing crusts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Investigating relationships between Landsat-7 ETM data and spatial segregation of LULC types under shifting agriculture in southern Cameroon     

Martin Yemefack  Wietske Bijker  Steven M. De Jong 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006

This paper investigates statistical relationships between land use/land cover (LULC), Landsat-7 ETM⁺ imagery and landscape mosaic structure in southern Cameroon where the conversion of tropical rain forest to shifting cultivation leads to dynamic processes, acting on the spatial aggregation of various LULC types. A Global Positioning System (GPS) was used in the field to identify a total of 171 shifting cultivation patches representing eight LULC types in two sub-areas. Because of the lack of a cloud-free image for the date of field sampling, the ETM⁺ imagery was acquired 2 months after field survey, during which it was assumed that no significant changes in LULC occurred (all dry season). Per pixel correlations were developed between spectral reflectance data, vegetation indices and LULC. As an exploratory study, several statistical methods (analysis of variance, means separations (Tukey HSD), principal component analysis (PCA), geo-statistical analysis, image classification and landscape metrics) were applied on point data and sensor images for evaluating the spatial variability within the landscape. Most variables explained 30–72% of LULC variation in the whole dataset. Those variables with high information content of LULC (infrared bands 4, 5, 7 and derived indices and PC1) also showed long ranges (6 km) spatial dependence as compared to those varying only within 1 km range. The results of these statistical analyses suggested the need to group some LULC types and the application of the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) for supervised classification provided a LULC map with the highest accuracy (81%) after consolidation of perennial LULC types, such as bush fallow, forest fallow and cocoa plantations. Landscape metrics computed from this map showed a high level of patch diversity and connectivity within the landscape and provided input data that can further be used to simulate predictive maps as substitute to cloud-covered sensor imageries. Landsat-7 ETM⁺ imagery proved to be useful in discriminating (with about 80% accuracy) the most dynamic LULC types such cropped plots and young fallow patches (shifting every season) and the extension front of the agricultural landscape.  相似文献   

南乌拉尔地区中—新元古代地层序列及碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩发现臼齿构造的地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

高林志丁孝忠  尹崇玉任留东李廷栋  陈廷愚陈炳蔚李贵书  陆松年 《中国地质》2007,34(6):962-973

中—新元古代地层在南乌拉尔海槽中极为发育,地层厚度巨大,几个阶段的构造演化和沉积特征清晰可见。新太古代和下里菲是俄罗斯重要的大型层状铁矿和菱镁矿的宿主地层,中里菲群(元古宙地层)地层厚度极大,伴随了几次沉积旋回,发育了从深海相到大陆缓坡的碳酸盐岩沉积;随着新元古代末次冰期之后,文德系发育了可全球对比的白海动物群(伊迪卡拉动物群)。笔者首次确认了南乌拉尔地区中—新元古代地层3套臼齿构造,其中巴卡尔组(Bakal)碳酸盐岩臼齿构造与碎屑岩地震液化脉互层共生,特别是大量臼齿构造也发育在大型叠层石中。从臼齿构造与碎屑岩液化脉互层的共生特征,说明发育在碳酸盐岩中臼齿构造与地震机理的液化作用有关。该3套臼齿构造与中国华北地台中—新元古代地层中发现的臼齿构造(液化脉)时代大体接近。  相似文献   

Climate change comparison between Arctic and other areas in the Northern Hemisphere since the last Interstade     

XU Juan  WANG Guo  ZHANG Baiping 《地理学报》2007,17(1):43-50

Based on temperature reconstruction and proxy data from 14 sites in the Northern Hemisphere, this paper focused on comparing the cycles of temperature variations between the Arctic and other areas, including Atlantic, Europe, China, Asia, Pacific, Indian Ocean, and America during the transition from the last Interstade to the Last Glacial Maximum, from the Last Glacial Maximum to megathermal period in Holocene and the transition of the Little Ice Age (LIA) by the methods of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Maximum Entropy Spec-trum (MES). The results showed that environmental changes in the Arctic are most similar to that in the North American and better similar to Asia, Atlantic and Pacific, the least similar to Indian Ocean and Europe. The 1500-year oscillation of temperature existed both in Arctic and Europe.  相似文献   

末次间冰段以来北极及北半球其他地区气候变化     

许娟  王国  张百平 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):43-50

Based on temperature reconstruction and proxy data from 14 sites in the Northern Hemisphere, this paper focused on comparing the cycles of temperature variations between the Arctic and other areas, including Atlantic, Europe, China, Asia, Pacific, Indian Ocean, and America during the transition from the last Interstade to the Last Glacial Maximum, from the Last Glacial Maximum to megathermal period in Holocene and the transition of the Little Ice Age （LIA） by the methods of Singular Spectrum Analysis （SSA） and Maximum Entropy Spectrum （MES）. The results showed that environmental changes in the Arctic are most similar to that in the North American and better similar to Asia, Atlantic and Pacific, the least similar to Indian Ocean and Europe. The 1500-year oscillation of temperature existed both in Arctic and Europe.  相似文献   

A numerical study of island wakes in the Southern California Bight     

Changming Dong  James C. McWilliams 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

With the existence of eight substantial islands in the Southern California Bight, the oceanic circulation is significantly affected by island wakes. In this paper a high-resolution numerical model (on a 1 km grid), forced by a high-resolution wind (2 km), is used to study the wakes. Island wakes arise due both to currents moving past islands and to wind wakes that force lee currents in response. A comparison between simulations with and without islands shows the surface enstrophy (i.e., area-integrated square of the vertical component of vorticity at the surface) decreases substantially when the islands in the oceanic model are removed, and the enstrophy decrease mainly takes place in the areas around the islands. Three cases of wake formation and evolution are analyzed for the Channel Islands, San Nicolas Island, and Santa Catalina Island. When flows squeeze through gaps between the Channel Islands, current shears arise, and the bottom drag makes a significant contribution to the vorticity generation. Downstream the vorticity rolls up into submesoscale eddies. When the California Current passes San Nicolas Island from the northwest, a relatively strong flow forms over the shelf break on the northeastern coast and gives rise to a locally large bottom stress that generates anticyclonic vorticity, while on the southwestern side, with an adverse flow pushing the main wake current away from the island, positive vorticity has been generated and a cyclonic eddy detaches into the wake. When the northward Southern California Countercurrent passes the irregular shape of Santa Catalina Island, cyclonic eddies form on the southeastern coast of the island, due primarily to lateral stress rather than bottom stress; they remain coherent as they detach and propagate downstream, and thus they are plausible candidates for the submesoscale “spirals on the sea” seen in many satellite images. Finally, the oceanic response to wind wakes is analyzed in a spin-up experiment with a time-invariant wind that exhibits strips of both positive and negative curl in the island lee. Corresponding vorticity strips in the ocean develop through the mechanism of Ekman pumping.  相似文献   

大磷虾性比、怀卵量与某些生殖特点的分析          下载免费PDF全文

王荣  陈时华 《极地研究》1989,1(3):61-68

对1985年在南极半岛西北海域各拖网点获得的3852尾大磷虾标本,进行了性别、体长、体重、性成熟度和即将排卵的雌性成体怀卵量的测定。结果得出雌性个体占61.9％,雄性占38.1％;雄性比例在体长51-55毫米个体组中降为20.7％,大于55毫米个体组中仅占8.3％。雌性怀卵量在2457到10799个之间。同一虾群内已排卵的雌性成体比未排卵成体的体重小约1/3。乔治王岛东北海域的虾群在考察时(1月22日)已完成交配,并有2.3％的雌体已经排卵,大部分雌体到2月下旬才会排卵。布兰斯菲尔德海峡的大磷虾性成熟度较低。  相似文献